Pregnancy: NSAIDs can affect the cardiovascular system of the fetus (risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus), so they are contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy. During labor, NSAIDs may slow uterine contractions and prolong delivery, leading to an increased risk of bleeding for both the mother and the child. NSAIDs should not be used in the first and second trimesters or during labor unless the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
Breastfeeding: In limited studies, NSAIDs may be present in breast milk at very low concentrations. Therefore, NSAIDs should be avoided in breastfeeding mothers if possible.