Amoxil/Amoxil Forte Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: Amoxil is a semi-synthetic aminopenicillin of the β-lactam group of antibiotics. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, acting through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide. It is rapidly bactericidal and possesses the safety profile of penicillin.
Microbiology: Strains of the following organisms are generally sensitive to the bactericidal action of Amoxil in vitro: Gram-Positive: Aerobes: Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, penicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium spp, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes.
Anaerobes: Clostridium spp.
Gram-Negative: Aerobes: Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella and Shigella spp, Bordetella pertussis, Brucella spp, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella septica, Vibrio cholerae.
Amoxicillin is susceptible to degradation by β-lactamase, and therefore, the spectrum of activity of Amoxil does not include organisms which produces these enzymes, including resistant staphylococci and all strains of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Enterobacter.
Pharmacokinetics: Amoxil is well absorbed. Oral administration, usually at convenient 3 times daily dosage, produces high serum levels independent of the time at which food is taken. Amoxil gives good penetration into bronchial secretions and high urinary concentrations of unchanged antibiotic.
Amoxicillin is not highly protein-bound; approximately 18% of total plasma drug content is bound to protein. Amoxicillin diffuses readily into most body tissues and fluids, with the exception of the brain and spinal fluid. Inflammation generally increases the permeability of the meninges to penicillins and this may apply to amoxicillin.
The elimination half-life is approximately 1 hr. The major route of elimination for amoxicillin is via the kidney. Approximately 60-70% of Amoxil is excreted unchanged in urine during the first 6 hrs after administration of a standard dose. Amoxil is also partly excreted in the urine as the inactive penicilloic acid in quantities equivalent to 10-25% of the initial dose.
Concurrent administration of probenecid delays amoxicillin excretion.