Regular monitoring of renal and hepatic function, blood pressure, serum lipids and serum electrolytes chiefly potassium and magnesium is required. Monitoring plasma ciclosporin concentrations is mandatory in transplant patients. Dosage adjustment may frequently be necessary in patients with renal impairment. Care is required in patients with hyperuricemia, and IV formulations should be given cautiously to those who have previously received parenteral drugs formulated in polyoxylated castor oil, or those with history of allergic reactions. Should not be used to treat atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis in patients with persistently raised creatinine, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled infections or malignancy. Ciclosporin may increase the risk of benign intracranial hypertension.