Undesirable effects caused by the product itself can be difficult to distinguish from the physiological effects of the nerve block (e.g. fall in blood pressure, bradycardia), events caused directly by the needle puncture (e.g. nerve injury) or caused indirectly by the needle puncture (e.g. epidural abscess).
Neurological damage is a rare but well recognised consequence of regional, and particularly epidural and spinal anaesthesia. (See table.)
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