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Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic shock with collapse) reactions have occurred in patients receiving penicillin. The incidence of anaphylactic shock in all penicillin-treated patients is between 0.015 and 0.04%. Anaphylactic shock resulting in death has occurred in approximately 0.002% of patients treated. Although anaphylaxis is more frequent following parenteral administration, it has occurred in patients receiving oral penicillins.
When penicillin therapy is indicated, it should be initiated only after a comprehensive patient drug and allergy history has been obtained. Discontinue cloxacillin and give supportive treatment (ie, artificial maintenance of ventilation, pressor amines, antihistamines and corticosteroids) if an allergic reaction occurs.
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