Excessive administration of sodium chloride causes hypernatremia, with resultant dehydration of internal organs, particularly the brain.
Excess chloride in the body may cause a loss of bicarbonate with an acidifying effect.
Retention of sodium leads to the accumulation of extracellular fluid (edema) which may affect the cerebral, pulmonary, or peripheral circulations.
General effects of excess sodium in the body include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, thirst, reduced salivation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, edema, weakness, muscular twitching and rigidity, and convulsions.