Sodium chloride

Oral:
Chronic salt-losing conditions: Dosage adjustment may be necessary.

Conditions whereby admin of sodium chloride would be detrimental. Not to be used to induce emesis. Sustained release tablets: GI disorders associated with strictures or diverticula.

Hypertension, heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function, liver cirrhosis, preeclampsia. Maintain adequate water intake. Pregnancy. Inj of 3 or 5% sodium chloride solution should be given via a large vein at a rate not exceeding 100 ml/hr. Monitor fluid balance, serum electrolytes and acid base balance espcially during prolonged treatment. Caution when used in patients who are receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.

Hypernatraemia; thirst, reduced salivation and lachrymation, fever, tachycardia, hypertension, headache, dizziness, restlessness, irritability and weakness.
Potentially Fatal: Intra-amniotic inj of hypertonic solutions: Disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal necrosis, cervical and uterine lesions, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and death.

May affect serum concentrations of lithium.

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Sodium chloride is the major extracellular cation. It is important in electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure control and water distribution as it restores sodium ions. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis, priming solution in haemodialysis and treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes. It is also used as diluents for infusion of compatible drug additives.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Well-absorbed from the GI tract.
Excretion: Mainly in the urine, with small amounts excreted in the sweat, faeces, tears and saliva.

Electrolytes / Intravenous & Other Sterile Solutions / Nasal Decongestants & Other Nasal Preparations / Other Eye Preparations / Preparations for Oral Ulceration & Inflammation