Undesirable effects from the use of ibuprofen are rare, but they may occur. Tell the doctor if the patient experiences any undesirable effect.
The most frequently reported undesirable effects (1 to 10%) of ibuprofen include constipation, decreased appetite, diarrhea, dizziness, dyspepsia, ear infection (otitis media), fever, fluid retention, fullness of the gastrointestinal tract (bloating or flatulence), headache, heartburn, indigestion, itching, mouth ulcers (stomatitis), nausea, nervousness, rash, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), sore throat (pharyngitis), stomach cramps or pain, swelling, vertigo, and vomiting.
Less common undesirable effects (<1% of patients) include: Blood: Bleeding episodes (e.g., nose bleed, heavy menstrual bleeding), blood does not clot properly, decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit, low platelet count, low red or white blood cell count (i.e., agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, eosinophilia, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia).
Allergic Reactions: Autoimmune disorders (e.g., SLE, Henoch-Schönlein purpura), constriction of air passages of the lungs, dry mouth, gingival ulceration, hives, itching, rapid swelling beneath the skin (angioedema), serum sickness, stuffy nose (rhinitis), swelling of the face, tongue and voice box, syndrome of abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, wheezing or difficulty in breathing, whole-body allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), worsening of asthma.
Metabolism and Nutrition: Benign enlargement of the male breasts, increased acid in blood and body tissues, low blood sugar, low sodium in the blood, menstrual delay.
Psychiatric: Anxiety, confusion, depression, drowsiness, hallucination, insomnia.
Nervous System: Dream abnormalities, inflammation of the brain lining (aseptic meningitis; symptoms include stiff neck, headache, feeling or being sick, fever or feeling disoriented), loss of sensation (paresthesia), muscle spasm, tingling of hands and feet.
Special Senses: Blurred and/or decreased visual sharpness (amblyopia), cataracts, decreased hearing, depressed vision in the visual field (scotoma) and/or changes in color vision, double vision (diplopia), impaired hearing, inflammation of the optic nerve, inflammation or infection of the membrane lining the eyelids (conjunctivitis), visual disturbance.
Cardiovascular: Cerebrovascular accident (stroke), chest pain, fluid retention, heart failure, increased blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, palpitations, swelling of tissues usually in the lower limbs (edema).
Stomach/Gut: Inflammation of the stomach lining or pancreas, passing black or bloody stools, stomach ulceration and/or bleeding, temporary burning sensation in the mouth or throat, vomiting with blood (or liquid with what looks like coffee grounds), worsening inflammation of the intestine or colon (colitis, Crohn's disease).
Liver: Abnormal liver function tests, inflammation of the liver (hepatitis), liver disorders especially with long-term treatment, liver failure, yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice).
Skin: Blisters, hives, loss of hair, sensitivity to light or the sun; symptoms of serious allergies (e.g., Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and erythema multiforme) which include multiple skin lesions, itch, fever, and joint pains.
Kidneys: Acute pain on the side or back, blood in the urine, decreased creatinine clearance, excess serum proteins or urea in the urine, frequent urination, inflammation of the bladder (cystitis), kidney damage, kidney failure, swelling of the ankles.
Body as a Whole: Fatigue, general ill feeling (malaise), mood swings (emotional lability), tiredness.