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Each capsule contains cephalexin monohydrate equivalent to 250 or 500 mg of cephalexin. After mixing, each 5 mL of cephalexin, for oral suspension, will contain cephalexin monohydrate equivalent to 125 mg of cephalexin. The pediatric drops contain 100 mg cephalexin monohydrate/mL.
Cephalexin is 7-(D-α-amino-α-phenylacetamido)-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, monohydrate.
The nucleus of cephalexin is related to that of other cephalosporin antibiotics. The compound is a zwitterion; ie the molecule contains both a basic and an acidic group. The isoelectric point of cephalexin in water is approximately 4.5-5.
The crystalline form of cephalexin which is available is a monohydrate. It is a white crystalline solid having a bitter taste. Solubility in water is low at room temperature; 1 or 2 mg/mL may be dissolved readily, but higher concentrations are obtained with increasing difficulty.
The cephalosporins differ from penicillins in the structure of the bicyclic ring system. Cephalexin has a D-phenylglycyl group as substituent at the 7-amino position and an unsubstituted methyl group at the 3-position.
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