Acute Toxicity: Pathogenesis: Acute hypoglycemia may result from excessive insulin dosage relative to food intake and/or energy expenditure, and numerous conditions may predispose to the development of insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
Hypoglycemia may result from overinsulinization, irregular eating patterns, increased physical activity, and/or decreased carbohydrate content of meals.
Manifestations: Hypoglycemia, is the principal Manifestations of acute insulin overdosage. Symptoms of moderate hypoglycemia include aggressiveness, drowsiness, confusion and autonomic symptoms. Severe hypoglycemia is associated with altered states of consciousness, including coma and seizures.
Fatalities have been reported following severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
Other complications include hypoglycemia, respiratory insufficiency/failure, pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, hypertension, and cerebral edema.
Treatment: Mild hypoglycemia may be relieved by oral administration of carbohydrate-containing food or drink. Severe hypoglycemia requires treatment with glucagon or IV dextrose solution.
Patients unresponsive to or unable to receive glucagon should be given approximately 10-20 g of glucose as 20-50 mL of 50% dextrose injection IV. Higher or repeated dose of IV dextrose may be required in severe case, and subsequent continuous IV infusion of glucose at 5-10 g/hour may be necessary to maintain adequate blood glucose concentration until the patient is conscious and able to eat. The patient should be monitored closely until complete recovery is assured as hypoglycemia may recur.
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