Doxoccord LP Adverse Reactions

Summary of the safety profile: The most common undesirable effect reported in breast/ovarian clinical trials (50 mg/m² every 4 weeks) was palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE). The overall incidence of PPE reported was 44.0%-46.1%. These effects were mostly mild, with severe (grade 3) cases reported in 17%-19.5%. The reported incidence of life-threatening (grade 4) cases was <1%. PPE infrequently resulted in permanent treatment discontinuation (3.7%-7.0%). PPE is characterised by painful, macular reddening skin eruptions. In patients experiencing this event, it is generally seen after two or three cycles of treatment. Improvement usually occurs in one-two weeks, and in some cases, may take up to 4 weeks or longer for complete resolution. Pyridoxine at a dose of 50-150 mg per day and corticosteroids have been used for the prophylaxis and treatment of PPE, however, these therapies have not been evaluated in phase III trials. Other strategies to prevent and treat PPE include keeping hands and feet cool, by exposing them to cool water (soaks, baths, or swimming), avoiding excessive heat/hot water and keeping them unrestricted (no socks, gloves, or shoes that are tight fitting). PPE appears to be primarily related to the dose schedule and can be reduced by extending the dose interval 1-2 weeks (see Dosage & Administration). However, this reaction can be severe and debilitating in some patients and may require discontinuation of treatment. Stomatitis/mucositis and nausea were also commonly reported in breast/ovarian cancer patient populations, whereas the AIDS-KS Program (20 mg/m² every 2 weeks), myelosuppression (mostly leukopenia) was the most common side effect (see AIDS-KS). PPE was reported in 16% of multiple myeloma patients treated with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal plus bortezomib combination therapy. Grade 3 PPE was reported in 5% of patients. No grade 4 PPE was reported. The most frequently reported (medicine-related treatment-emergent) adverse events in combination therapy (Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal + bortezomib) were nausea (40%), diarrhoea (35%), neutropenia (33%), thrombocytopenia (29%), vomiting (28%), fatigue (27%), and constipation (22%).
AIDS-related KS program: Clinical studies on AIDS-KS patients treated at 20 mg/m² with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal show that myelosuppression was the most frequent undesirable effect considered related to Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal occurring very commonly (in approximately one-half of the patients).
Leukopenia is the most frequent undesirable effect experienced with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal in this population; neutropenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia have been observed. These effects may occur early on in treatment. Haematological toxicity may require dose reduction or suspension or delay of therapy. Temporarily suspend Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal treatment in patients when the ANC count is <1,000/mm³ and/or the platelet count is <50,000/mm³. G-CSF (or GM-CSF) may be given as concomitant therapy to support the blood count when the ANC count is <1,000/mm³ in subsequent cycles. The haematological toxicity for ovarian cancer patients is less severe than in the AIDS-KS setting (see Myelosuppression under Precautions for ovarian cancer patients).
Respiratory undesirable effects commonly occurred in clinical studies of Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal and may be related to opportunistic infections (OI's) in the AIDS population. Opportunistic infections are observed in KS patients after administration with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal, and are frequently observed in patients with HIV-induced immunodeficiency. The most frequently observed OI's in clinical studies were candidiasis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and mycobacterium avium complex.
All patients: 100 out of 929 patients (10.8%) with solid tumours were described as having an infusion-associated reaction during treatment with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal as defined by the following Costart terms: allergic reaction, anaphylactoid reaction, asthma, face oedema, hypotension, vasodilatation, urticaria, back pain, chest pain, chills, fever, hypertension, tachycardia, dyspepsia, nausea, dizziness, dyspnoea, pharyngitis, rash, pruritus, sweating, injection site reaction and medicinal product interaction. Permanent treatment discontinuation was infrequently reported at 2%. A similar incidence of infusion reactions (12.4%) and treatment discontinuation (1.5%) was observed in the breast cancer program. In patients with multiple myeloma receiving Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal plus bortezomib, infusionassociated reactions have been reported at a rate of 3%. In patients with AIDS-KS, infusion-associated reactions, were characterised by flushing, shortness of breath, facial oedema, headache, chills, back pain, tightness in the chest and throat and/or hypotension and can be expected at the rate of 5% to 10%. Very rarely, convulsions have been observed in relation to infusion reactions. In all patients, infusionassociated reactions occurred primarily during the first infusion. Temporarily stopping the infusion usually resolves these symptoms without further therapy. In nearly all patients, Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal treatment can be resumed after all symptoms have resolved without recurrence. Infusion reactions rarely recur after the first treatment cycle with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal (see Dosage & Administration).
Myelosuppression associated with anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and rarely febrile neutropenia, has been reported in Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal-treated patients.
Stomatitis has been reported in patients receiving continuous infusions of conventional doxorubicin hydrochloride and was frequently reported in patients receiving Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal. It did not interfere with patients completing therapy and no dosage adjustments are generally required, unless stomatitis is affecting a patient's ability to eat. In this case, the dose interval may be extended by 1-2 weeks or the dose reduced (see Dosage & Administration).
An increased incidence of congestive heart failure is associated with doxorubicin therapy at cumulative lifetime doses >450 mg/m² or at lower doses for patients with cardiac risk factors. Endomyocardial biopsies on nine of ten AIDS-KS patients receiving cumulative doses of Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal greater than 460 mg/m² indicate no evidence of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. The recommended dose of Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal for AIDS-KS patients is 20 mg/m² every two-to-three weeks. The cumulative dose at which cardiotoxicity would become a concern for these AIDSKS patients (>400 mg/m²) would require more than 20 courses of Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal therapy over 40 to 60 weeks.
In addition, endomyocardial biopsies were performed in 8 solid tumour patients with cumulative anthracycline doses of 509 mg/m²-1,680 mg/m². The range of Billingham cardiotoxicity scores was grades 0-1.5. These grading scores are consistent with no or mild cardiac toxicity.
In the pivotal phase III trial versus doxorubicin, 58/509 (11.4%) randomised subjects (10 treated with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal at a dose of 50 mg/m²/every 4 weeks versus 48 treated with doxorubicin at a dose of 60 mg/m²/every 3 weeks) met the protocol-defined criteria for cardiac toxicity during treatment and/or follow-up. Cardiac toxicity was defined as a decrease of 20 points or greater from baseline if the resting LVEF remained in the normal range or a decrease of 10 points or greater if the LVEF became abnormal (less than the lower limit for normal). None of the 10 Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal subjects who had cardiac toxicity by LVEF criteria developed signs and symptoms of CHF. In contrast, 10 of 48 doxorubicin subjects who had cardiac toxicity by LVEF criteria also developed signs and symptoms of CHF.
In patients with solid tumours, including a subset of patients with breast and ovarian cancers, treated at a dose of 50 mg/m²/cycle with lifetime cumulative anthracycline doses up to 1,532 mg/m², the incidence of clinically significant cardiac dysfunction was low. Of the 418 patients treated with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal 50 mg/m²/cycle, and having a baseline measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and at least one follow-up measurement assessed by MUGA scan, 88 patients had a cumulative anthracycline dose of >400 mg/m², an exposure level associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular toxicity with conventional doxorubicin. Only 13 of these 88 patients (15%) had at least one clinically significant change in their LVEF, defined as an LVEF value less than 45% or a decrease of at least 20 points from baseline. Furthermore, only 1 patient (cumulative anthracycline dose of 944 mg/m²), discontinued study treatment because of clinical symptoms of congestive heart failure.
In a pooled analysis of 4,231 patients receiving Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal for breast cancer, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, or AIDS-related KS, ventricular arrythmia, palpitations, cardiac failure, cardiac arrest, bundle branch block right, and ejection fraction decreased were reported uncommonly, and atrioventricular block, cyanosis, and conduction disorder were reported rarely.
As with other DNA-damaging antineoplastic agents, secondary acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplasias have been reported in patients having received combined treatment with doxorubicin. Therefore, any patient treated with doxorubicin should be kept under haematological supervision.
Although local necrosis following extravasation has been reported very rarely, Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal is considered to be an irritant. Animal studies indicate that administration of doxorubicin hydrochloride as a liposomal formulation reduces the potential for extravasation injury. If any signs or symptoms of extravasation occur (e.g., stinging, erythema) terminate the infusion immediately and restart in another vein. The application of ice over the site of extravasation for approximately 30 minutes may be helpful in alleviating the local reaction. Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal must not be given by the intramuscular or subcutaneous route.
Recall of skin reaction due to prior radiotherapy has rarely occurred with Doxorubicin pegylated liposomal administration.