Trinir Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Cefdinir exhibits broad range in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes. It exhibits superior activity against Gram-positive aerobes, compared with drugs like Cefixime, Ceftibuten, Cefuroxime and Cefpodoxime. In addition, it is stable to hydrolysis by many of the common beta-lactamases. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Cefdinir in children are similar to those obtained in adults using similar milligram per m² doses (300, 600 mg in adults= 7, 14 mg/kg in children, respectively).
Pharmacokinetics: Cefdinir is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral doses, peak plasma concentrations occurring 2 to 4 hours after a dose. Oral bioavailability has been estimated to range from 16 to 25%. It is widely distributed into tissues and is 60 to 70% bound to plasma proteins. Cefdinir is not appreciably metabolised and is excreted in the urine with an elimination half-life of 1.7 hours. Cefdinir is removed by dialysis.
Cap: Absorption: Maximal plasma Cefdinir concentrations occur 2 to 4 hours post dose following capsule or suspension administration. Plasma Cefdinir concentrations increase with dose, but the increases are less than dose-proportional from 300 mg (7 mg/kg) to 600 mg (14 mg/kg). Following administration of suspension to healthy adults, Cefdinir bioavailability is 120% relative to capsules.
Distribution: The mean volume of distribution (Vd_area) of Cefdinir in adult subjects is 0.35 L/kg (± 0.29); in pediatric subjects (age 6 months to 12 years), Cefdinir Vd_area is 0.67 L/kg (± 0.38).
Cefdinir is 60% to 70% bound to plasma proteins in both adult and pediatric subjects; binding is independent of concentration.
Metabolism and Excretion: Cefdinir is not appreciably metabolized. Activity is primarily due to parent drug. Cefdinir is eliminated principally via renal excretion with a mean plasma elimination half-life (t_½) of 1.7 (± 0.6) hours. In healthy subjects with normal renal function, renal clearance is 2 (± 1) mL/min/kg, and apparent oral clearance is 11.6 (± 6) and 15.5 (± 5.4) mL/min/kg following doses of 300 and 600 mg, respectively. Mean percent of dose recovered unchanged in the urine following 300 and 600 mg doses is 18.4% (± 6.4) and 11.6% (± 4.6), respectively. Cefdinir clearance is reduced in patients with renal dysfunction.
Because renal excretion is the predominant pathway of elimination, dosage should be adjusted in patients with markedly compromised renal function or who are undergoing hemodialysis.