Sign Out
Signs and Symptoms of Intoxication: In the event of overdosage, there maybe severe hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. There may also be respiratory problems, bronchospasm, vomiting, disturbed, consciousness and generalized seizures.
Treatment of Intoxication: In addition to general procedures, vital parameters must be monitored and corrected, if necessary, under intensive care conditions. The following supportive therapies can be used: Patients should be placed in the supine position.
Atropine: 0.5 to 2 mg i.v. (for excessive bradycardia).
Glucagon: initially 1 to 10 mg i.v. then 2 mg to 5 mg mg/hr as a long-term infusion (to support cardiovascular function).
Sympathomimetics according to body-weight and effect: dobutamine, isoprenaline, orciprenaline or adrenaline. If positive inotropic effect is required, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE) e.g. Milrinone, should be considered.
If peripheral vasodilation dominates the intoxication profile then norfenephrine or noradrenaline should be administered with continuous monitoring of circulatory conditions.
In the case of drug-resistant bradycardia, pacemaker therapy should be initiated.
Treatment of bronchospasm: For bronchospasm, β-sympathomimetics (as aerosol or i.v) or aminophylline i.v should be given.
Treatment of seizures: In the event of seizures, slow i.v. injection of diazepam or clonazepam is recommended.
Important note: In cases of severe intoxication with shock, supportive treatment must be continued for sufficiently long period, as a prolongation of elimination half-life and redistribution of carvedilol from deeper compartments are to be expected. The duration of supportive/antidote therapy depends on the severity of the overdosage. The supportive treatment should therefore be continued until the patient's condition has stabilized.
Continue with Google