Ciflomed

Each tablet contains: Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride USP equivalent to Ciprofloxacin 500 mg.

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism Of Action: Ciprofloxacin acts on the A-sub unit of the enzyme, DNA gyrase that carries out the strand-cutting function of the gyrase during DNA replication or transcription. The drug inhibits gyrase mediated DNA super coiling at concentrations that correlate well with those required to inhibit bacterial growth. Mutation of the gene that encode the A subunit polypeptide can confer resistance to it. Eukaryotic cells do not contain DNA gyrase but they contain mechanistically similar type-II DNA topoisomerase that removes positive supercoils from eukaryotic DNA to prevent its tangling during replication. The drug inhibits eukaryotic type-II isomerase only at much higher concentrations (100 to 1000 μgm/mL).
After oral administration, Ciprofloxacin is absorbed mainly from the small intestine, reaching peak serum concentrations 60-90 min later.
Since the protein binding of Ciprofloxacin is low (20-30%) and since the substance is present in plasma largely in a non-ionized form, almost the entire dose administered can diffused freely into the extravascular space. In this way, the concentrations in certain body fluids and tissues can clearly exceed the corresponding serum levels.
Ciprofloxacin is excreted essentially unchanged, the bulk being eliminated by the renal route.
Ciprofloxacin is excreted not only renally but also to a considerable extent via the intestine, only a severely impaired kidney function results in prolonged serum half-lives of up to 12 hrs.
Bioavailability: After oral administration, Ciprofloxacin is absorbed rapidly and well (bioavailability: approximately 70-80%).

Ciprofloxacin is used in a variety of infections due to susceptible organisms.
Respiratory Tract infections.
E.N.T. Infections.
Urinary Tract Infections.
Gonorrhoea.
Skin and Soft tissue infections.
Gastro-intestinal tract infections.
Intra-Abdominal infections.
Gynaecological Infections.
Bone and Joint Infections.
Severe Systemic Infection.

Ciprofloxacin is generally administered as oral doses of 250 mg/500 mg twice daily for 5-7 days in most cases. The doses may be taken with or without meals. The preferred time is 2 hrs after a meal.
Dosage: 250 mg to 750 mg twice daily depending on the severity and nature of the infection.
For Gonorrhea: 500 mg as single dose. Or as prescribed by the physician.

Ciprofloxacin must not be used in cases of hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolone chemotherapeutics.
Ciprofloxacin must not be prescribed for children, adolescents, pregnant women or nursing mothers, since there is no experience on the drug's safety in these patient groups and since, on the basis of animal studies, it is not entirely improbable that the drug could cause damage to articular cartilage in the immature organism. Animal studies have not yet yielded any evidence of teratogenic effects (malformations).

In epileptics and in patients who have suffered from previous CNS disorders (e.g. lowered convulsion threshold, previous history of convulsion, reduced cerebral blood flow, altered brain structure or stroke), Ciprofloxacin should only be used where the benefits of treatment exceed the risks, since these patients are endangered because of possible central nervous side effects.
Do not use Ciprofloxacin simultaneously with antacid preparations containing Magnesium Hydroxide or Aluminium Hydroxide. An interval of at least 2 hours must be respected between the administration of an antacid and Ciprofloxacin.
Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin must be well hydrated to prevent crystalluria.
Excessive alkalinisation of urine should be avoided.
When Xanthine derivatives like theophylline were co-administrated with Ciprofloxacin the plasma levels of theophylline were raised to the toxic range. In this case suitable dose reduction of theophylline may be considered.

Ciprofloxacin is generally well tolerated. However, the following adverse effects may be observed: Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain & nausea, headaches, restlessness, dizziness. Hepatic enzyme levels may be increased especially in the case of pre-existing hepatic malfunction.

Store at temperatures not exceeding 30°C.
Protect from light.

Quinolones

J01MA02 - ciprofloxacin ; Belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.

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