Alfatam

Each capsule contains: Tamsulosin (As Hydrochloride) USP 400 mcg.
Tamsulosin hydrochloride is an antagonist of α1A adrenoceptors in the prostate. Tamsulosin HCl is identified as (-)-(R)5-[2-[[2-(o-Ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]propyl]-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide, mono-hydrochloride.
Tamsulosin HCl occurs as white crystals that melt with decomposition at approximately 230°C. It is sparingly soluble in water and in methanol, slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid and in ethanol, and practically insoluble in ether.
The empirical formula of Tamsulosin HCl is C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₅S·HCl. The molecular weight of Tamsulosin HCl is 444.98.

Pharmacology: Tamsulosin hydrochloride binds selectively and competitively to postsynaptic/1-adrenoceptors, particularly to subtypes alpha1A and alpha1D. It brings about relaxation of prostatic and urethral smooth muscle.
Tamsulosin Hydrochloride 0.4 mg increases the maximum urinary flow rate. It relieves obstruction by relaxing smooth muscle in prostate and urethra. It also improves the irritative symptoms in which bladder instability plays an important role.
These effects on storage and voiding symptoms are maintained during long-term therapy.
The need for surgical treatment is significantly delayed.
α1-blockers can reduce blood pressure by lowering peripheral resistance. No reduction in blood pressure of any clinical significance was observed during studies with Tamsulosin Hydrochloride MR 0.4 mg.
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Tamsulosin is rapidly absorbed from the intestine and is almost completely bioavailable.
Absorption of tamsulosin is reduced by a recent meal. The patient always taking Tamsulosin Hydrochloride 0.4 mg after the same meal can promote uniformity of absorption. Tamsulosin shows linear kinetics. After a single dose of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride 0.4 mg in the fed state, plasma levels of tamsulosin peak at around 6 hours and in the steady state, which is reached by day 5 of multiple dosing, Cmax in patients is about two-thirds higher than that reached after a single dose. Although this was seen in elderly patients, the same finding would also be expected in young ones. There is a considerable inter-patient variation in plasma levels both after single and multiple dosing.
Distribution: In humans tamsulosin is about 99% bound to plasma proteins and the volume of distribution is small (about 0.2 L/kg).
Biotransformation: Tamsulosin has a low first pass effect, being metabolized slowly. Most tamsulosin is present in plasma in the form of unchanged medicine. It is metabolized in the liver. In rats, hardly any induction of microsomal liver enzymes was seen to be caused by Tamsulosin. No dose adjustment is warranted in hepatic insufficiency.
None of the metabolites are more active than tamsulosin itself.
Excretion: Tamsulosin and its metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine with about 9% of a dose being present in the form of unchanged medicine. After a single dose of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride in the fed state, and in the steady state in patients, elimination half-lives of about 10 and 13 hours respectively have been measured. The presence of renal impairment does not warrant lowering the dose.

Treatment of signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is not indicated for the treatment of hypertension.

One capsule daily, to be taken after breakfast, or the first meal of the day.
The capsule should be swallowed whole and should not be crushed or chewed as this will interfere with the modified release of the active ingredient.

Acute overdose with 5 mg tamsulosin hydrochloride has been reported. Acute hypotension (systolic blood pressure 70 mm Hg), vomiting and diarrhoea were observed, which were treated with fluid replacement and the patient could be discharged the same day.
If acute hypotension occurs after overdosage, cardiovascular support should be given and maintained. Blood pressure can be restored and heart rate brought back to normal by lying the patient down. If this is insufficient then volume expanders and, when necessary, vasopressors could be administered. Renal function should be monitored and general supportive measures applied. Dialysis is unlikely to be of help as tamsulosin is very highly bound to plasma proteins.
Measures to impede absorption, such as emesis, can be taken. When large quantities of tamsulosin are involved, gastric lavage can be applied and activated charcoal and an osmotic laxative, such as sodium sulphate, can be administered.

Hypersensitivity to tamsulosin hydrochloride or any other component of the product.
A history of orthostatic hypotension.
Severe hepatic insufficiency.

As with other α1-blockers, reduction in blood pressure can occur in individual cases during treatment with Tamsulosin hydrochloride, as a result of which, very rarely, syncope can occur. At the first signs of orthostatic hypotension (dizziness, weakness), the patient should sit or lie down until the symptoms have disappeared.
Before therapy with Tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.4 mg is initiated, the patient should be examined in order to exclude the presence of other conditions which can cause the same symptoms as benign prostatic hyperplasia. Digital rectal examination and, when necessary, determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) should be performed before treatment and at regular intervals afterwards.
The treatment of severely renally impaired patients (creatinine clearance of <10 ml/min) should be approached with caution as these patients have not been studied.
Intra-operative Floppy Iris Syndrome: 'Intra-operative Floppy Iris Syndrome' (IFIS) has been observed during cataract surgery in some patients taking or who have previously been treated with α1-adrenoceptor antagonists. This variant of small pupil syndrome is characterised by the combination of a flaccid iris that billows in response to intra-operative irrigation currents, progressive intra-operative miosis despite pre-operative dilation with standard mydriatic drugs, and potential prolapse of the iris toward the phacoemulsification incisions. The patient's ophthalmologist should be prepared for possible modifications to their surgical technique, such as the utilisation of iris hooks, iris dilator rings, or visco-elastic substances. There does not appear to be a benefit of stopping α1-adrenoceptor antagonist therapy prior to cataract surgery.
Effects on Ability To Drive And Use Machines: No data is available on whether Tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.4 mg adversely affects the ability to drive or operate machines. However, in this respect patients should be aware of the fact that dizziness can occur.

Pregnancy: Not applicable as Tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.4 is intended for male patients only.

The following adverse reactions have been reported during the use of Tamsulosin hydrochloride: dizziness, abnormal ejaculation and, less frequently (1-2%), headache, asthenia, postural hypotension and palpitations.
During cataract surgery, a variant of small pupil syndrome known as Intra-operative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) has been reported during post-marketing surveillance in association with α1- adrenoceptor antagonist therapy.

No interactions have been seen when Tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.4 was given concomitantly with either atenolol, enalapril, or nifedipine.
Concomitant cimetidine brings about a rise in plasma levels of tamsulosin, and furosemide a fall, but as levels remain within the normal range posology need not be changed.
In vitro, neither diazepam nor propranolol, trichlormethiazide, chlormadinon, amitriptyline, diclofenac, glibenclamide, simvastatin nor warfarin change the free fraction of tamsulosin in human plasma. Neither does tamsulosin change the free fractions of diazepam, propranolol, trichlormethiazide and chlormadinon.
No interactions at the level of hepatic metabolism have been seen during in vitro studies with liver microsomal fractions (representative of the cytochrome P450-linked drug metabolizing enzyme system), involving amitriptyline, salbutamol, glibenclamide and finasteride. Diclofenac and warfarin, however, may increase the elimination rate of tamsulosin.
Concurrent administration of other α1-adrenoceptor antagonists could lead to hypotensive effects.

Store at temperatures not exceeding 25°C.

Drugs for Bladder & Prostate Disorders

G04CA02 - tamsulosin ; Belongs to the class of alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists. Used in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

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