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Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Following ingestion, the ketoanalogues are transaminated by taking nitrogen from non-essential amino acids, thereby decreasing the formation of urea by re-using the amino group. Ketoacid-containing supplements have a positive influence on the renal hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism and can improve renal osteodystrophy.
Pharmacokinetics: In normal individuals, there is an increase in the plasma level of ketoanalogues, 10 min after oral ingestion. These levels reach values that are approximately 5 times higher than the initial level. Peak levels are reached within 20-60 min, and normal levels are reached again after 90 min. G.I. absorption is thus very rapid.
In the plasma, a simultaneous increase in levels of the keto-analogue and the corresponding amino acid show that transamination of the keto-analogues is very rapid. Due to the natural pathways of disposal of α-ketonic acids, it is probable that exogenous intakes are very rapidly integrated into metabolic cycles. Ketoacids follow the same catabolic pathways as the classical amino acids. No specific study on ketoacid excretion has been performed to date.
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