Pregnancy: A large amount of data on pregnant women (more than 1,000 pregnancy outcomes) indicate no malformations or foetal/neonatal toxicity associated with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil. Animal studies on emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil do not indicate reproductive toxicity (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions). Therefore the use of Truvada may be considered during pregnancy, if necessary.
Breast-feeding: Emtricitabine and tenofovir have been shown to be excreted in human milk. There is insufficient information on the effects of emtricitabine and tenofovir in newborns/infants. Therefore Truvada should not be used during breast-feeding.
As a general rule, it is recommended that HIV infected women do not breast-feed their infants under any circumstances in order to avoid transmission of HIV to the infant.
Fertility: No human data on the effect of Truvada are available. Animal studies do not indicate harmful effects of emtricitabine or tenofovir disoproxil on fertility.