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Nursing Women: Carvedilol and/or its metabolites are excreted in breast milk. Therefore, breast feeding is not recommended during administration of carvedilol.
Pregnant Women: There have been no clinical studies carried out to specifically examine the use of carvedilol in pregnant women. Beta-blockers reduce placental perfusion, which may result in intrauterine fetal death, immature and premature deliveries. In addition, adverse effects (especially hypoglycemia and bradycardia) may occur in the fetus and neonate. There is an increased risk of cardiac and pulmonary complications in the neonate in the postnatal period.
Animal reproduction studies have revealed no teratogenic potential for carvedilol. Embryotoxicity was observed only after large doses in rabbits. The relevance of these findings for humans is uncertain.
Carvedilol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
