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Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Glucosamine is an amino monosaccharide, which is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans and following proteoglycans synthesis; a major component of articular cartilage. Supplemented Glucosamine therefore may help prevent cartilage degeneration; nevertheless, it has no inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthesis.
Pharmacokinetics: Glucosamine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and has a bioavailability of 26%. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is reached within 8-10 hours of administration. Glucosamine undergoes first-pass metabolism in the liver, and binds to plasma proteins. It is distributed into the tissues and organs such as liver, kidney, articular cartilage and bone. Glucosamine sulfate dissociates into D-glucosamine and a sulfate ion. The active component D-glucosamine is metabolised into carbon dioxide, water and urea. It is excreted in the urine, and partly in the feces and lung.
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