Ketocetz Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Ketorolac tromethamine is a NSAID. The anti-inflammatory potency of systemic ketorolac has been shown to be 2-3 times the indomethacin or naproxen as determined by inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. However, the inhibition potency of cotton pellet-induced granuloma by ketorolac was comparable to that of indomethacin. Ketorolac tromethamine can inhibit platelet aggregation as other non-selective NSAIDs. However, the drug does not inhibit the activity of lipoxygenase enzyme.
Pharmacokinetics: Ketorolac tromethamine injection can be administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM). The time to achieve the maximum concentration (Tmax) of the drug are approximately 1.1 to 2.9 minutes or 33 to 44 minutes for IV or IM administration, respectively.
The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of IV ketorolac tromethamine are 0.21 L/kg in adults and 0.26 L/kg in pediatrics. The Vd of IM ketorolac tromethamine is 0.175 L/kg. 99% of the drug are bound with plasma protein, mainly albumin. 92% of the drug are excreted by renal excretion. However, only 60% of urinary excretion of the drug are unchanged form. Ketorolac tromethamine is metabolized by hepatic hydroxylation and conjugation. Total body clearance (Cl) of the drug is approximately 0.023 to 0.03 L/hr/kg and elimination half-life (t_½) is 5.2 to 5.6 hours in healthy adults.