ClinOleic Mechanism of Action

ATC code: B05BA02.
PHARMACOLOGY: PHARMACODYNAMICS: The combination of olive and soybean oils allows a content of fatty acids in an approximate ratio of: Saturated fatty acids: 15% (SFA).
Mono-unsaturated fatty acids: 65% (MUFA).
Essential Poly-unsaturated fatty acids: 20% (EPUFA).
The moderate level of essential fatty acids (EFA) probably facilitates their utilisation, enables a correct status of EFA upper derivatives and corrects EFA deficiency.
In comparison with soybean oil: in preterm infants above 28 weeks of gestational age, treated for 7 days, the higher content in a tocopherol related to the presence of olive oil, results in an improved vitamin E status.
In children (8 per treatment group) under long-term parenteral nutrition, for 2 months, a better vitamin E/EPUFA ratio results in reduced lipid peroxidation. These properties have been verified for doses ranging from 1 to 3 g/kg/day. The high-energy content of the emulsion enables the administration of a large quantity of calories in a small volume.
PHARMACOKINETICS: Clearance rate of lipid emulsions is dependent on particle size: Small lipid droplet size tends to delay the clearance, while it improves lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase.
CLINOLEIC 20%, which has droplet size close to that of chylomicrons, has a similar elimination rate.
Toxicology: PRECLINICAL SAFETY DATA: Toxicological studies showed that the product is well tolerated.
Toxicity studies showed the usual modifications due to high intake of lipid emulsions: fat and pigments deposits in the liver, thrombocytopenia, and hypercholesterolemia.
A decrease of lipid peroxidation and improved vitamin E status has been experimentally showed for high intake of CLINOLEIC 20% compared to soybean emulsions.
One in vitro study performed on human cells, and one in vivo study performed in rats in comparison with soybean oil-based emulsions, have shown that CLINOLEIC 20%, emulsion for infusion, maintains lymphocyte proliferation, cell activation markers expression, and lL-2 release. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.