Camoxtin/Camoxtin ES Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: CAMOXTIN contains amoxicillin trihydrate which is broad-spectrum antibiotic, and clavulanic acid which inhibits beta-lactamase from gram positive and gram negative bacteria and enhances broad-spectrum bactericidal of amoxicillin. CAMOXTIN is active in vitro against organisms susceptible to amoxicillin including many beta-lactamase-producing organisms that are resistant to amoxicillin as follows.
Gram positive: Aerobes: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis (formerly Streptococcus faecalis), Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes.
Anaerobes: Clostridium sp., Peptococcus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp.
Gram negative: Aerobes: Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophillus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, H. ducreyi, Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly Branhamella catarrhalis), Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Citrobacter diversus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Bordetella pertussis, Pasteurella multocida.
Anaerobes: L. pneumophila, L. micdadei, L. bozemanii, Prevotella melaninogenica (formerly Bacteroides melaninogenicus), P. oralis (formerly B. oralis) including Bacteroides fragilis group.
Mycobacterium: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. fortuitum.
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Amoxicillin trihydrate and clavulanate potassium are both generally stable in the presence of acidic gastric secretions and are well absorbed following oral administration of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium. Peak serum concentrations of amoxicillin and of clavulanate are generally attained within 1-2.5 hours following oral administration.
Distribution: Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are both distributed into the lungs, pleural fluid, and peritoneal fluid.
Low concentrations of each drug are attained in sputum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid readily cross the placenta, and are distributed into milk in low concentration.
Elimination: This medicine is excreted unchanged in urine within 6-8 hours. Amoxicillin has an elimination half-life of 1-1.3 hours and clavulanic acid has an elimination half-life of 0.78-1.2 hours.