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Dexamethasone (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) diffuses across cell membrane and forms a complex with specific cytoplasmic receptors. These complexes then enter cell nucleus, bind to DNA, and stimulate transcription of mRNA. Subsequent protein synthesis of enzymes is ultimately responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of topical application of corticosteroids to the eye. In high concentrations, which may be achieved after topical application, corticosteroids may exert direct membrane effects. Corticosteroids decrease cellular and fibrinous exudation and tissue infiltration, inhibit fibroblastic and collagen-forming activity, retard epithelial regeneration, diminish post-inflammatory neovascularization, and reduce toward normal levels the excessive permeability of inflamed capillaries.
Neomycin sulfate acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis.
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