Paracetamol: The speed of absorption of Paracetamol may be accelerated by Metoclopramide or Domperidone and absorption reduced by Cholestyramine; Medicines which stimulate the enzymes responsible for the metabolic activation or Paracetamol such as medicines for convulsion (e.g., Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine) may increase susceptibility to the harmful effects of the liver; Warfarin, a blood thinning medicine; an increase in the International Normalized Ratio (INR), which may serve as a sign of increased risk of bleeding, may be observed when using Paracetamol and Warfarin at the same time. Paracetamol increases the anticoagulation effect of Warfarin; An increased risk of liver toxicity may be expected when used together with alcohol (e.g., Ethanol) or Isoniazid (for tuberculosis); The possibility of severe hypothermia (abnormally low body temperature) may occur if Phenothiazine is taken together with Paracetamol; Pretreatment with Probenecid may decrease Paracetamol clearance and increase the effects of Paracetamol.
Caffeine: Xanthine derivatives such as Caffeine can weaken the vasodilating effect of substances used for myocardial imaging (e.g., Adenosine, Dipyridamole). Thus, Caffeine should be avoided 24 hours before myocardial imaging; Caffeine, as a central nervous system stimulant, has an antagonistic effect on the action of sedatives and tranquilizers (e.g., Diazepam, Zolpidem); Caffeine may further increase the action of Phenylpropanolamine in increasing heart rate; Caffeine competitively inhibits Clozapine metabolism. Hence, Clozapine and Caffeine must not be used together; Lithium carbonate and Caffeine should not be used together because their combination may cause small to moderate increase in Serum Lithium Level; The use of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (e.g., Phenelzine, Moclobemide, Selegiline) with Caffeine should be avoided since it may increase stimulant effects of Caffeine; Methoxsalen (for psoriasis) reduces Caffeine clearance and may increase the effects of Caffeine; Pipemidic acid (for infections) reduces Caffeine clearance, thus enhancing the action of Caffeine; Levothyroxine, like Caffeine, can increase blood pressure; hence they should not be used together. Phenytoin (for epilepsy) increases Caffeine clearance and decreases effects of Caffeine; The use of Ephedrine and Caffeine should be avoided since it could lead to increased blood sugar and lactate concentrations.
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