Mintribee-100/Mintribee-300/Mintribee-1000/Mintribee Mechanism of Action

Pharmacologic Classification: Vitamins.
Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics: Small amounts of thiamine are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral doses, but the absorption of doses larger than about 5 mg is limited. It is also rapidly absorbed on intramascular injection. It is widely distributed to most body tissues, and appears in breast milk. Within the cell, thiamine is mostly present as the diphosphate. Thiamine is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of the body's requirements are excreted in the urine uncharged or as metabolites.
Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral doses are converted to active forms pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate. They are stored mainly in the liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites which are excreted in the urine. As the doses increases, proportionally greater amounts are excreted unchanged in the urine. Pyridoxal crosses the placenta and distributed into breast milk.
Vitamin B12 substances bind to intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein secreted by the gastric mucosa, and are then actively absorbed from gastrointestinal tract. Absorption is impaired in patients with an absence if intrinsic factor, with a malabsorption syndrome or with disease or abnormality of the gut, or gastrectomy. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract can also occur by passive diffusion; little of the vitamin present in the food is absorbed in this manner although the process becomes increasingly important with larger amounts such as those used therapeutically. After intranasal dosage, peak plasma concentrations of cyanocobalamin have been reached in 1 to 2 hours. The bioavailability of the intranasal preparation is about 7 to 11% of that by intramascular injection.
Vitamin B12 extensively bound to specific plasma proteins called transcobolamins; transcobalamin II appears to be involved in the rapid transport of the cobalamins to tissues. Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver, excreted in the urine, most of it the first 8 hours; urinary excretion, however, accounts for only a small fraction in the reduction of total body stores acquired by dietary means. Vitamin B12 diffuses across the placenta and also appears in breast milk.