Kastair EZ Tab/Kastair Mechanism of Action

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Montelukast is a selective leukotriene-receptor antagonist that specifically inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT₁ receptor. The cysteinyl leukotrienes [CysLT (LTC₄, LTD₄, and LTE₄)] are potent inflammatory eicosanoids released from various cells including mast cells and eosinophils that bind to CysLT receptors. The CysLT type 1 (CysLT₁) receptor is present in the human airway (including airway smooth muscle cells and airway macrophages). CysLTs contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and allergic rhinitis. In asthma, CysLTs are found to increase mucus secretion, vascular permeability, and bronchoconstriction. In allergic rhinitis, CysLTs are released from the nasal mucosa after exposure to allergens and are associated with symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Montelukast inhibits bronchoconstriction and reduces inflammation of the nasal mucosa induced by exposure to known precipitants.
Pharmacokinetics: Kastair EZ Tab: Montelukast's steady state volume of distribution is 8 to 11 liters. Plasma protein binding is more than 99%.
4 mg: Montelukast is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. After administration of 10 mg film-coated tablet in adults in the fasted state, mean peak montelukast plasma concentration (C_max) is achieved in 3 to 4 hours. The mean oral bioavailability is 64%. The oral bioavailability and C_max are not influenced by a standard meal in the morning.
In a pharmacokinetic trial in asthmatic pediatric patients aged 2 to 5 years, peak plasma concentration of montelukast 4 mg (471±65 ng/mL) as chewable tablet is attained within 2.07±0.3 hours.
Montelukast is extensively metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9. Plasma concentrations of montelukast metabolites are undetectable at steady state in studies using therapeutic doses in adults and children.
Montelukast is excreted mainly in the feces via the bile as unchanged drug and metabolites.
Special Population: Hepatic Impairment: Patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment and cirrhosis had evidence of decreased metabolism of montelukast resulting in 41% increase in mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). The elimination of montelukast is prolonged in these patients relative to patients with normal hepatic function.
5 mg: In a pharmacokinetic trial in asthmatic patients aged 6 to 14 years, peak plasma concentration of Montelukast 5 mg 495±129 ng/mL as chewable tablet is attained within 2.6±1 hour.
Montelukast is extensively metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, and is excreted principally in the feces via the bile.
Bioequivalence Study: Montelukast sodium (Kastair EZ Tab) 5 mg tablet was shown to be bioequivalent to the reference product (innovator) in adults under fasting conditions. The following are important pharmacokinetic parameters of montelukast in adult volunteers who received montelukast sodium (Kastair EZ Tab) 5 mg tablet (as a single oral dose) under fasting conditions: See Table 1.

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Kastair: Montelukast is rapidly absorbed after oral administration.
In a pharmacokinetic trial in asthmatic pediatric patients 6 to 24 months old, peak plasma concentrations (514.4 ng/mL) of montelukast 4 mg as oral granules are attained within 2.2 hours.
Montelukast's steady state volume of distribution is 8 to 11 liters. Plasma protein binding is more than 99%.
Montelukast is extensively metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, and is excreted principally in the feces via the bile.