Gripgo Mechanism of Action

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Analgesic-Antipyretic/Antihistamine/Nasal Decongestant. ATC Code: N02BE51.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of action: Paracetamol/Caffeine Anhydrous/Phenylephrine HCl/Chlorpheniramine Maleate (Gripgo) is a combined medicine, the action of which is caused by its components.
Paracetamol is an analgetic-antipyretic that has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties; that is related to the effect of Paracetamol on Hypothalamus center of heat regulation and its possibility to inhibit the synthesis of prostoglandins.
Caffeine anhydrous is an alkaloid from the group of methylxanthines that directly stimulates respiratory and vasomotor centers of brain, improves physical and emotional state of patients; therefore, the symptoms of asthenia accompanied to infectious diseases are decreased. Caffeine anhydrous intensifies the analgesic effect of Paracetamol.
Phenylephrine HCl is a sympathomimetic reducing edema and hyperemia of upper respiratory tract and in sinuses that promotes the improvement of nasal breathing. It stimulates mainly alpha-adrenoreceptors, due to which peripheral vessels contracts and their permeability is decreased; production of mucous is thus decreased.
Chlorpheniramine Maleate is an antihistaminic agent that reduces the allergic component of infectious diseases. It competitively blocks histamine H₁-receptors and prevents the development of histamine effects, namely cold, itching of eyes and nose.
Pharmacokinetics: Paracetamol is metabolised by the hepatic microsomal enzymes. It is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. Plasma concentration reaches a peak in half to one hour, the plasma half-life is one to three hours and it is uniformly distributed throughout the body.
Phenylephrine HCl is irregularly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. When injected intramuscularly it takes 10-15 minutes to act and subcutaneous and intramuscular injections are effective for about one hour. Intravenous injections are effective for about 20 minutes.
Caffeine anhydrous is readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract.
Chlorphenamine Maleate is well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, following oral administration. The effects develop within 30 minutes, are maximal within 1 to 2 hours and last 4 to 6 hours. The plasma half-life has been estimated to be 12 to 15 hours.
It is metabolised to the monodesmethyl and didesmethyl derivatives. About 22% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Only trace amounts have been found in the faeces.