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Excess insulin administration may cause hypoglycemia and hypokalemia. Mild episodes of hypoglycemia can usually be treated with oral carbohydrates. Adjustments in drug dosage, meal patterns, or exercise may be needed.
More severe episodes of hypoglycemia with coma, seizure, or neurologic impairment may be treated with intramuscular/subcutaneous glucagon or concentrated intravenous glucose. After apparent clinical recovery from hypoglycemia, continued observation and additional carbohydrate intake may be necessary to avoid recurrence of hypoglycemia. Hypokalemia must be corrected appropriately.
It is therefore recommended that the diabetic patient constantly carry some sugar lumps, sweets, biscuits, or sugary fruit juice. Adjustments in drug dosage, meal patterns, or exercise, may be needed.
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