Generally, NSAIDs must be used with caution when they are concomitantly administered with other drugs that may increase the risk of GI ulcer and bleeding or renal impairment.
Notable interaction involving NSAIDs include enhancement of the effects of the oral anticoagulants (especially azapropazone and phenylbutazone) and increased plasma concentrations of lithium, methotrexate and cardiac glycosides.
The risk of nephrotoxicity may be increased if given with ACE inhibitors, ciclosporin, tacrolimus or diuretics. Effects on renal function may lead to reduce excretion of some drugs. There may be also an increase risk of hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors and K-sparing diuretics.
The antihypertensive effects of some antihypertensives include ACE inhibitors, β-blockers and diuretics may be reduced.
Convulsions may occur due to an interaction with quinolones.
NSAIDs may enhance the effects of phenytoin and sulfonylurea antidiabetics.
The effects of NSAIDs might be enhanced by use with moclobemide.
The concomitant use of >1 NSAID (including aspirin) should be avoided because of the increased risk of adverse effects.
The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration associated with NSAIDs is increased when used with corticosteroids, the antiplatelets, clopidogrel and ticlopidine, or possibly alcohol, biphosphonates or oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline).
There may be an increased risk of hematotoxicity during concomitant use of zidovudine and NSAIDs; blood counts 1-2 weeks after starting use together are recommended.
Ritonavir may increase the plasma concentrations of NSAIDs.
The manufacturer of mifepristone advises that NSAIDs or aspirin should be avoided for 8-12 days after mifepristone use because of the theoretical risk that this prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may alter the efficacy of mifepristone.
There have been occasional reports of increased adverse events when NSAIDs were given with misoprostol although such combinations have sometimes been employed to decrease the Gastrointestinal toxicity of NSAIDs.
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