Clariscan

Clear, colourless to slightly yellow solution.
See Table 1.

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1 mL solution for injection contains 279.3 mg gadoteric acid (Ph. Eur./USP)* (as gadoterate meglumine) equivalent to 0.5 mmol. (See Table 2.)

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*Gadoteric acid: gadolinium complex with 1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecane N,N',N'',N''' tetraacetic acid (tetraxetan (DOTA)).
Excipients/Inactive Ingredients: Meglumine, Tetraxetan (DOTA), Water for injections.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Paramagnetic contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging. ATC code: V08 CA 02 (Gadoteric Acid).
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: This product has no specific pharmacodynamic activity.
Gadoteric acid is a paramagnetic agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The contrast-enhancing effect is mediated by gadoteric acid which is an ionic gadolinium complex composed out of Gadolinium oxide and 1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecane N,N',N'',N''' tetraacetic acid (DOTA), and present as meglumine salt.
The paramagnetic effect (relaxivity) is determined from the effect on spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) about 3.4 mmol-1.L.sec-1 and on the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) about 4.27 mmol-1.L.sec-1.
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution: After intravenous injection, Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) is distributed in the extracellular fluids of the body. The distribution volume was approx. 18 L which is approximately equal to the volume of extra-cellular fluid. Gadoteric acid does not bind to proteins like serum albumin. Gadoteric acid is poorly excreted in the milk and crosses slowly through the placenta barrier.
Biotransformation: No metabolites were detected.
Elimination: Gadoteric acid is eliminated rapidly (89% after 6 h, 95% after 24 h) in unchanged form through the kidneys by glomerular filtration. Excretion via the feces is negligible. The elimination half-life amounts to about 1.6 hours in patients with a normal renal function.
Special characteristics in patients with renal impairment: In renally impaired patients, the elimination half-life was increased to approximately 5 hours for a creatinine clearance between 30 and 60 mL/min and approximately 14 hours for a creatinine clearance between 10 and 30 mL/min.
Toxicology: Preclinical safety data: Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity or toxicity to reproduction.
Animal studies have shown negligible secretion (less than 1% of the dose) of gadoteric acid in maternal milk.

This medicinal product is for diagnostic use only.
Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) should be used only when diagnostic information is essential and not available with unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Adult population and paediatric population (0-18 years): lesions of the brain, spine, and surrounding tissues; whole body MRI (see Dosage & Administration).
Use for whole body is not recommended in children less than 6 months.
In adults only: lesions or stenoses of the non-coronary arteries (MR Angiography).

This medicinal product should only be administered by trained healthcare professionals with technical expertise in performing and interpreting gadolinium enhanced MRI.
Dosage: The lowest dose that provides sufficient enhancement for diagnostic purposes should be used. The dose should be calculated based on the patient's body weight, and should not exceed the recommended dose per kilogram of body weight detailed in this section.
Adults: MRI of brain and spine: The recommended dose is 0.1 mmol/kg BW, i.e. 0.2 mL/kg BW. In patients with brain tumors, an additional dose of 0.2 mmol/kg BW, i.e. 0.4 mL/kg BW, may improve tumor characterisation and facilitate therapeutic decision making.
Whole body MRI (including lesions of the liver, kidneys, pancreas, pelvis, lungs, heart, breast, and musculoskeletal system): The recommended dose is 0.1 mmol/kg BW, i.e. 0.2 mL/kg BW to provide diagnostically adequate contrast.
For angiography: The recommended dose for intravenous injection is 0.1 mmol/kg BW, i.e. 0.2 mL/kg BW to provide diagnostically adequate contrast.
In exceptional circumstances (e.g. failure to gain satisfactory images of an extensive vascular territory) administration of a second consecutive injection of 0.1 mmol/kg BW, i.e. 0.2 mL/kg BW may be justified. However, if the use of 2 consecutive doses of Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) are anticipated prior to commencing angiography, the use of 0.05 mmol/kg BW (i.e. 0.1 mL/kg BW) for each dose may be of benefit, depending on the imaging equipment available.
Special populations: Impaired renal function: The adult dose applies to patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (GFR ≥ 30 ml/min/1.73 m²).
Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) should only be used in patients with severe renal impairment (GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) and in patients in the perioperative liver transplantation period after careful risk/benefit assessment and if the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrast enhanced MRI (see Precautions). If it is necessary to use Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) the dose should not exceed 0.1 mmol/kg body weight.
More than one dose should not be used during a scan. Because of the lack of information on repeated administration, Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) injections should not be repeated unless the interval between injections is at least 7 days.
Elderly (aged 65 years and above): No dosage adjustment is considered necessary. Caution should be exercised in elderly patients (see Precautions).
Impaired hepatic function: The adult dose applies to these patients. Caution is recommended, especially in the case of perioperative liver transplantation period (see Impaired renal function as previously mentioned).
Paediatric population (aged 0-18 years): Encephalic and Spinal MRI, Whole body MRI: The recommended and maximum dose of Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) is 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. More than one dose should not be used during a scan.
Due to immature renal function in neonates up to 4 weeks of age and infants up to 1 year of age, Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) should only be used in these patients after careful consideration, at a dose not exceeding 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. More than one dose should not be used during a scan. Because of the lack of information on repeated administration, Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) injections should not be repeated unless the interval between injections is at least 7 days. Use for whole body MRI is not recommended in children less than 6 months of age.
Angiography: Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) is not recommended for angiography in children under 18 years of age due to insufficient data on its efficacy and safety in this indication (see Precautions).
Method of administration: The product is indicated for intravenous administration only. Infusion rate: 3-5 mL/min (higher infusion rates up to 120 mL/min, i.e. 2 mL/sec, may be used for angiographic procedures).
Intravascular administration of contrast media should, if possible, be done with the patient lying down. After the administration, the patient should be kept under observation for at least half an hour, since experience shows that the majority of undesirable effects occur within this time.
For single patient use only, any unused solution should be discarded.
Paediatric population (0-18 years): Depending on the amount of Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) to be given to the child, it is preferable to use Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) vials with a single use syringe of a volume adapted to this amount in order to have a better precision of the injected volume.
In neonates and infants the required dose should be administered by hand.
Image acquisition: Contrast enhanced MRI may be initiated immediately after administration of the agent. Optimal imaging: within 45 minutes after injection. Optimal image sequence: T1-weighted.

Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) can be removed by haemodialysis. However, there is no evidence that haemodialysis is suitable for prevention of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in Description.

Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) must not be used intrathecally. Serious, life-threatening and fatal cases, primarily with neurological reactions (e.g. coma, encephalopathy, seizures), have been reported with intrathecal use.
Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) is administered strictly by intravenous injection only.
Extravasation local intolerance reactions may be observed, necessitating short term local treatment.
Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) must not be administered by subarachnoid (or epidural) injections.
Appropriate facilities should be readily available for coping with any complication of the procedure, as well as for emergency treatment of severe reaction to the contrast agent itself (e.g. hypersensitivity, seizures).
The usual precaution for MRI examination should be taken, such as exclusion of patients with pacemakers, vascular clips, infusion pumps, nerve stimulators, cochlear implants, or suspected intracorporeal metallic foreign bodies, particularly in the eye.
Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions can occur, including life-threatening (see Adverse Reactions). Hypersensitivity reactions may be either allergic (described as anaphylactic reactions when serious) or non-allergic. They can be either immediate (less than 60 minutes), or delayed (up to 7 days). Anaphylactic reactions can occur immediately and can be fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions may be independent of the dose, may occur after even the first dose of the product, and are often unpredictable.
There is always a risk of hypersensitivity regardless of the dose injected.
Patients who have already experienced a reaction during previous administration of a gadolinium-containing MRI contrast agent present an increased risk of experiencing another reaction on subsequent administration of the same product, or possibly other products, and are therefore considered to be at high risk.
The injection of gadoteric acid may aggravate symptoms of an existing asthma. In patients with asthma unbalanced by the treatment, the decision to use gadoteric acid must be made after careful evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio.
As known from the use of iodinated contrast media, hypersensitivity reactions can be aggravated in patients on beta-blockers, and particularly in the presence of bronchial asthma. These patients may be refractory to standard treatment of hypersensitivity reactions with beta-agonists.
Before any contrast medium is injected, the patient should be questioned for a history of allergy (e.g. fish and seafood allergy, hay fever, hives), sensitivity to contrast media and bronchial asthma as the reported incidence of adverse reactions to contrast media is higher in patients with these conditions and premedication with antihistamines and/or glucocorticoids may be considered.
During the examination, supervision by a physician is necessary. If hypersensitivity reactions occur, administration of the contrast medium must be discontinued immediately and, if necessary, specific therapy instituted. A venous access should thus be kept during the entire examination. To permit immediate emergency countermeasures, appropriate drugs (e.g. adrenaline and antihistamines), an endotracheal tube and a respirator should be ready at hand.
CNS disorders: Like with other gadolinium containing contrast agents special precaution is necessary in patients with a low threshold for seizures.
Precautionary measures should be taken, e.g. close monitoring. All equipment and drugs necessary to counter any convulsions, which may occur, must be made ready for use beforehand.
Cardiovascular disease: In patients with severe cardiovascular disease Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) should only be administered after careful benefit assessment because only limited data are available so far.
Patient preparation: Nausea and vomiting are known possible undesirable effects when using MRI contrast agents. The patient should therefore refrain from eating for 2 hours prior to the investigation.
Effects on ability to drive and use machines: No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. Ambulant patients while driving vehicles or operating machinery should take into account that nausea may incidentally occur.
Impaired renal function: Prior to administration of Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) it is recommended that all patients are screened for renal dysfunction by obtaining laboratory tests.
There have been reports of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) associated with use of some gadolinium-containing contrast agents in patients with acute or chronic severe renal impairment (GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²). Patients undergoing liver transplantation are at particular high risk since the incidence of acute renal failure is high in this group. As there is a possibility that NSF may occur with Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan), it should therefore only be used in patients with severe renal impairment and in patients in the perioperative liver transplantation period after careful risk/benefit assessment and if the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrast enhanced MRI.
Haemodialysis shortly after Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) administration may be useful at removing Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) from the body. There is no evidence to support the initiation of haemodialysis for prevention or treatment of NSF in patients not already undergoing haemodialysis.
Use in Children: Neonates and infants: Due to immature renal function in neonates up to 4 weeks of age and infants up to 1 year of age, Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) should only be used in these patients after careful consideration. In neonates and infants the required dose should be administered by hand.
Use in the Elderly: As the renal clearance of gadoteric acid may be impaired in the elderly, it is particularly important to screen patients aged 65 years and older for renal dysfunction.

Pregnancy: Data on the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents including gadoteric acid in pregnant women is limited. Gadolinium can cross the placenta. It is unknown whether exposure to gadolinium is associated with adverse effects in the foetus.
Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions). Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan) should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires use of gadoteric acid.
Breastfeeding: Gadolinium containing contrast agents are excreted into breast milk in very small amounts (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions). At clinical doses, no effects on the infant are anticipated due to the small amount excreted in milk and poor absorption from the gut. Continuing or discontinuing breast feeding for a period of 24 hours after administration of Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan), should be at the discretion of the doctor and lactating mother.
Fertility: There are no clinical data available with regard to effects on fertility.

Side effects in association with the use of gadoteric acid are usually mild to moderate in intensity and transient in nature.
Injection site reactions, nausea and headache are the most frequently observed reactions.
During clinical trials, nausea, headache, injection site reaction, feeling cold, hypotension, somnolence, dizziness, feeling hot, burning sensation, rash, asthenia, dysgeusia and hypertension and paresthesia were the most frequent, uncommonly observed (≥1/1000 to <1/100), related adverse events.
Since post-marketing, the most commonly reported adverse reactions following administration of gadoteric acid are nausea, vomiting, pruritus and hypersensitivity reactions.
In hypersensitivity reactions, the reactions most frequently observed are skin reactions, which can be localized, extended or generalized.
These reactions occur most often immediately (during the injection or within one hour after the start of injection) or sometimes delayed (one hour to several days after injection), presenting as skin reactions in this case.
Immediate reactions include one or more effects, which appear simultaneously or sequentially, which are most often cutaneous, respiratory and/or cardiovascular reactions. Each sign may be a warning sign of a starting shock and go very rarely to death.
Isolated cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) have been reported with gadoteric acid, most of which were in patients co-administered other gadolinium-containing contrast agents (see Precautions).
The adverse reactions are listed in the table as follows by SOC (System Organ Class) and by frequency with the following guidelines: very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10 000 to <1/1000), very rare (<1/10 000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
The data presented are from clinical trials involving 2822 patients when available, or from a pool of observational studies involving 185,500 patients. (See Table 3.)

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The following adverse reactions were reported with other intravenous contrast agents for MRI. It is therefore possible that they also occur during examination with Gadoteric Acid (Clariscan). (See Table 4.)

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Adverse reaction in children: Safety of paediatric patients was considered in clinical trials and post marketing studies. As compared to adult, the safety profile of gadoteric acid did not show any specificity in children. Most of reactions are gastrointestinal symptoms or signs of hypersensitivity.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions: Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system.

No interactions with other medicinal products have been observed. Formal drug interaction studies have not been carried out.
Beta-blockers, vasoactive substances, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists: These medicinal products induce decreased efficacy of cardiovascular compensation mechanisms of blood pressure changes. The application of contrast media may increase the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients taking beta-blockers (see Precautions).

Incompatibilities: In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.
Instructions for use/handling: For single use.
The solution for injection should be inspected visually prior to use. Only clear solutions free of visible particles should be used.
Vials and bottles: Prepare a syringe with a needle. For vials, remove the plastic disk. For polypropylene bottles remove the plastic screw cap or top plastic lid by pulling the top ring. After cleaning the stopper with a pad soaked in alcohol, puncture the stopper with the needle. Withdraw the quantity of product required for the examination and inject it intravenously.
Pre-filled syringes: Inject intravenously the quantity of product required for the examination.
The remaining contrast medium in the vial/bottle, the connecting lines and all disposable components in the injector system must be discarded after the examination.
The peel-off tracking label on the syringes/vials/bottles should be stuck onto the patient record to enable accurate recording of the gadolinium contrast agent used. The dose used should also be recorded. If electronic patient records are used, the name of the product, the batch number and the dose should be entered into the patient record.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

Vials/bottles: Store at temperatures not exceeding 30°C.
Shelf life: 3 years.
Bottles: Chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for 48 hours at 30°C. From a microbiological point of view, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and would normally not be longer than 24 hours at 2 to 8°C, unless opening has taken place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions.

Radiographic & Diagnostic Agents

V08CA02 - gadoteric acid ; Belongs to the class of paramagnetic agents used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast media.

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