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Pharmacotherapeutic group: Heparin group.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Heparin is a naturally occurring anticoagulant which prevents the coagulation of blood in-vivo and in-vitro. It potentiates the inhibition of several activated coagulation factors, including thrombin and factor X.
Pharmacokinetics: Heparin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After intravenous or subcutaneous injection heparin is extensively bound to plasma proteins. It does not cross the placenta and it is not distributed into breast milk. The half-life of heparin depends on the dose and route of administration as well as the method of calculation and is subject to wide inter- and intra-individual variation; a range of 1 to 6 hours with an average of 1.5 hours has been cited. It may be slightly prolonged in renal impairment, decreased in patients with pulmonary embolism, and either increased or decreased in patients with liver disorders. Heparin is taken up by the reticuloendothelial system. It is excreted in the urine, mainly as metabolites, although after large doses up to 50% may be excreted unchanged.
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