Zithromax Special Precautions

Hypersensitivity: As with erythromycin and other macrolides, rare serious allergic reactions, including angioedema and anaphylaxis (rarely fatal), Dermatologic reactions including Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) (rarely fatal), and Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) have been reported. Some of these reactions with azithromycin have resulted in recurrent symptoms and required a longer period of observation and treatment.
If an allergic reaction occurs, the drug should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted. Physicians should be aware that reappearance of the allergic symptoms may occur when symptomatic therapy is discontinued.
Hepatotoxicity: Since liver is the principal route of elimination for azithromycin, the use of azithromycin should be undertaken with caution in patients with significant hepatic disease.
Abnormal liver function, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, hepatic necrosis, and hepatic failure have been reported, some of which have resulted in death. Discontinue azithromycin immediately if signs and symptoms of hepatitis occur.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS): Following the use of azithromycin in neonates (treatment up to 42 days of life), infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) has been reported. Parents and caregivers should be informed to contact their physician if vomiting or irritability with feeding occurs.
Ergot derivatives: In patients receiving ergot derivatives, ergotism has been precipitated by co-administration of some macrolide antibiotics. There are no data concerning the possibility of an interaction between ergot and azithromycin. However, because of the theoretical possibility of ergotism, azithromycin and ergot derivatives should not be co-administered.
Superinfection: As with any antibiotic preparation, observation for signs of superinfection with non-susceptible organisms, including fungi is recommended.
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with the use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including azithromycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon, leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.
C. difficile produces toxins A and B, which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin-producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over 2 months after the administration of antibacterial agents.
Diabetes: Azithromycin 40 mg/ml powder for oral suspension: Caution in diabetic patients: 5 ml of reconstituted suspension contains 3.87 g of sucrose.
Due to the sucrose content (3.87 g/5 ml of reconstituted suspension), this medicinal product is not indicated for persons with fructose intolerance (hereditary fructose intolerance), glucose-galactose malabsorption or saccharase-isomaltase deficiency.
Prolongation of the QT interval: Prolonged cardiac repolarization and QT interval, imparting a risk of developing cardiac arrhythmia and torsades de pointes, have been seen in treatment with macrolides, including azithromycin (see Adverse Reactions). Prescribers should consider the risk of QT prolongation, which can be fatal when weighing the risks and benefits of azithromycin for at-risk groups including: Patients with congenital or documented QT prolongation; Patients currently receiving treatment with other active substances known to prolong QT interval, such as antiarrhythmics of Classes IA and III, antipsychotic agents, antidepressants, and fluoroquinolones; Patients with electrolyte disturbance, particularly in cases of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia; Patients with clinically relevant bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac insufficiency; Elderly patients: elderly patients may be more susceptible to drug-associated effects on the QT interval.
Myasthenia gravis: Exacerbations of the symptoms of myasthenia gravis have been reported in patients receiving azithromycin therapy.
Intravenous administration: Azithromycin for injection should be reconstituted and diluted as directed and administered as an IV infusion over not less than 60 minutes. Do not administer as an IV bolus or an intramuscular injection (see Dosage & Administration and Special Precautions for Disposal and Other Handling under Cautions for Usage).
Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines: There is no evidence to suggest that azithromycin may have an effect on a patient's ability to drive or operate machinery.
Renal impairment: In patients with severe renal impairment (GFR <10 ml/min), a 33% increase in systemic exposure to azithromycin was observed (see Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics under Actions).