The side effect of Diclofenac vary in severity and frequency.
Gastrointestinal Tract: The most frequent side effects reported in patients given Diclofenac are gastrointestinal in nature. Typical reactions include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Rarely peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding have occurred. Diclofenac has also been implicated as the causative agent in colonic ulceration, small bowel perforated and pseudomembranous colitis.
Hematological Reactions: Blood disorders have also occurred such as haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and agranulocytosis in patient given Diclofenac.
Hepatic: Elevations of serum aminotransferase activity and clinical hepatitis, including fatal fulminant hepatitis have occurred in patients taking Diclofenac. Rarely, liver failure.
Dermatological Reactions: Occasional - rashes or skin eruptions. Cases of hair loss, bullous eruptions, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome) and photosensitivity reactions have been reported.
Renal: Renal papillary necrosis and nephrotic syndrome have been reported in patients taking Diclofenac. Other side effects include hypersensitivity reactions, headache, dizziness, vertigo, hearing disturbances such as tinnitus and photosensitivity.
Cardiac Disorders: Uncommon*: Myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, palpitations, and chest pain.
*The frequency reflects data from long-term treatment with a high dose (150 mg/day).
Kounis syndrome: Frequency "not known".
Description of selected adverse drug reactions: Arteriothrombotic events: Meta-analysis and pharmacoepidemiological data point towards an increased risk of arteriothrombotic events. (For example myocardial infarction) associated with the use of Diclofenac, particularly at a high dose (150 mg daily) and during long-term treatment.
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