Molecular structure pattern

Anal Fissure References

Last updated: 05 March 2026
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  1. Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s gastrointestinal and liver disease: pathophysiology/diagnosis/management. 7th ed. Pennsylvania: Saunders; 2002
  2. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Gastroenterology/17/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Gastroenterology.xml
  3. Cross KLR, Brown SR, Kleijnen J, et al. The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland guideline on the management of anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2023 Dec;25(12):2423-2457. doi: 10.1111/codi.16762. PMID: 37926920
  4. Davids JS, Hawkins AT, Bhama AR, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 2023 Feb;66(2):190-199. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002664. PMID: 36321851
  5. Tarasconi A, Perrone G, Davies J, et al. Anorectal emergencies: WSES-AAST guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2021 Sep;16(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s13017-021-00384-x. PMID: 34530908
  6. Wald A, Bharucha AE, Limketkai B, et al. ACG clinical guidelines: management of benign anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Oct;116(10):1987-2008. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001507. PMID: 34618700
  7. Bleday R. Anal fissure: medical management. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 07 Oct 2025. Accessed 23 Oct 2025.
  8. Ellis CN. Anal fissure: surgical management. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 19 Mar 2025.
  9. Gerbasi L, Ashurst J. Anal fissures. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. 15 Sep 2025.
  10. Stewart D. Anal fissure: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 19 Mar 2025.
  11. Arnold MJ. Management of anal fissures: guidelines from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Am Fam Physician. 2024;109(2):188-189. https://www.aafp.org.
  12. Lyle V, Young CJ. Anal fissures: an update on treatment options. Aust J Gen Pract. 2024 Jan-Feb;53(1-2):33-35. doi: 10.31128/AJGP/05-23-6843. PMID: 38316476