Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Follow Up

Monitoring

Patients should be re-evaluated every 6 months within the first year of diagnosis. For patients with early asymptomatic disease, follow-up at 3-month intervals is recommended within the first year, then every 3-12 months thereafter depending on the patient’s status.  

Physical examination and blood exams are used for assessment of treatment response. Bone marrow biopsy and aspirate should be conducted on patients in clinical trials.  

Response Criteria for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by the International Workshop Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL)    

A complete response should include all of the following, at least 2 months after treatment completion:  

• Normal peripheral blood lymphocyte count
• Normal blood counts without growth factor support (neutrophils ≥1.5 x 10⁹/L, platelets ≥100 x 10⁹/L, Hb ≥11 g/dL
• No enlarged lymph nodes (≥1.5 cm in diameter) 
• No splenomegaly or hepatomegaly
• No chronic lymphocytic leukemia-related constitutional symptoms (eg weight loss, fever, night sweats) 
• Bone marrow is normocellular for age without typical chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes and B-lymphoid nodules

Partial response criteria include:

• ≥2 of the following within 2 months after completion of therapy:
  • ≥50% reduced peripheral blood lymphocyte count compared to baseline
  • ≥50% reduced lymphadenopathy compared to baseline 
  • ≥50% reduction in liver or spleen size if previously enlarged in baseline findings 
• ≥1 of the blood count normalized or increased by ≥50% prior to treatment initiation:
  • Platelet count ≥100 x 10⁹/L or ≥50% improved compared to baseline
  • Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration ≥11 g/dL or ≥50% improved compared to baseline 
  • Neutrophil count ≥1.5 x 10⁹/L or >50% improved compared to baseline 
  • Presence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and B-lymphoid nodules in bone marrow 

Disease progression involves ≥1 of the following:

• Lymphocyte count, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, or hepatomegaly increased by ≥50% from baseline 
• Presence of new lesions or transformation to more aggressive forms
• Occurrence of cytopenia contributing to chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression (≥2 g/dL Hb and ≥50% platelet count decreased from baseline) 
• Increase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by ≥50% on successive bone marrow biopsies

Stable disease is defined as a disease without complete or partial response but without disease progression.

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is detected as malignant clones by flow cytometry or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It is the most important predictor of overall survival and progression-free survival after chemoimmunotherapy.