Tamiflu

Oseltamivir phosphate

Treatment of influenza in adults & childn including full-term neonates who present w/ symptoms typical of flu, when flu virus is circulating in the community. Post-exposure prevention of influenza in individuals ≥1 yr following contact w/ a clinically diagnosed flu case when flu virus is circulating in the community; infants <1 yr during a pandemic flu outbreak.

Treatment Initiate as soon as possible w/in the 1st 2 days of onset of flu symptoms. Adult & adolescent 13-17 yr 75 mg bd for 5 days (or 10 days in immunocompromised patient). Infant & childn ≥1 yr weighing >40 kg 75 mg bd for 5 days, >23-40 kg 60 mg bd for 5 days, >15-23 kg 45 mg bd for 5 days, 10-15 kg 30 mg bd for 5 days. Infant <1 yr 3 mg/kg bd. Patient w/ CrCl >60 mL/min 75 mg bd, CrCl >30-60 mL/min 30 mg bd, CrCl >10-30 mL/min 30 mg once daily. Haemodialysis patient 30 mg after each haemodialysis session. Peritoneal dialysis patient 30 mg single dose. Immunocompromised patient Recommended duration: 10 days. Post-exposure prevention Begin as soon as possible w/in 2 days of exposure to an infected individual. Adult & adolescent 13-17 yr 75 mg once daily for 10 days. Infant & childn ≥1 yr weighing >40 kg 75 mg once daily for 10 days, >23-40 kg 60 mg once daily for 10 days, >15-23 kg 45 mg once daily for 10 days, 10-15 kg 30 mg once daily for 10 days. Infant <1 yr during pandemic flu outbreak ½ of daily treatment dose. Patient w/ CrCl >60 mL/min 75 mg once daily, CrCl >30-60 mL/min 30 mg once daily, CrCl >10-30 mL/min 30 mg every 2nd day. Haemodialysis patient 30 mg after every 2nd haemodialysis session. Peritoneal dialysis patient 30 mg once wkly. Prevention during epidemic Adult & adolescent 75 mg once daily for up to 6 wk (or up to 12 wk in immunocompromised patients). Seasonal prophylaxis Immunocompromised patient Recommended duration: Up to 12 wk.

May be taken with or without food: May be taken w/ meals to reduce GI discomfort.

Hypersensitivity.

Not a substitute for flu vaccination. Effective only against illness caused by flu viruses. No information is available regarding the safety & efficacy in patients w/ any medical condition sufficiently severe or unstable to be considered at imminent risk of requiring hospitalisation. Efficacy has not been established in immunocompromised patients; patients w/ chronic cardiac disease &/or resp disease. Reports of neuropsychiatric events, especially in childn & adolescents. Contains sorbitol, which may cause GI discomfort & mild laxative effect. Contains Na benzoate, which may increase jaundice in newborns ≤4 wk old. Should not be taken by patients w/ hereditary fructose intolerance. Not recommended in patients w/ CrCl ≤10 mL/min. May be considered during pregnancy & lactation if necessary. Insufficient data are available in premature infants ie, those w/ post-conceptual age <36 wk; infants & childn ≤12 yr w/ renal impairment. Prevention during epidemic has not been studied in childn <12 yr. No studies have been carried out in paed patients w/ hepatic disorder.

Adult & adolescent: Headache; nausea. Bronchitis, herpes simplex, nasopharyngitis, URTI, sinusitis; insomnia; cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea; vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia; pain, dizziness, fatigue, pyrexia, limb pain. Childn: Cough, nasal congestion; vomiting. Otitis media; headache; conjunctivitis; earache; rhinorrhoea; abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea.

Increased exposure to the active metabolite of oseltamivir when co-administered w/ probenecid. Potential interaction w/ co-excreted agents w/ narrow therapeutic margin (eg, chlorpropamide, MTX, phenylbutazone).

Antivirals

J05AH02 - oseltamivir ; Belongs to the class of neuraminidase inhibitors. Used in the systemic treatment of viral infections.

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