Arexvy

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine (recombinant, adjuvanted) (RSVPreF3 antigen, AS01_E adjuvant system).

The powder is white. The suspension is an opalescent, colourless to pale brownish liquid.
After reconstitution, one dose (0.5 mL) contains: RSVPreF3¹ antigen^2,3 120 micrograms.
¹ Respiratory Syncytial Virus recombinant glycoprotein F stabilised in the pre-fusion conformation = RSVPreF3.
² RSVPreF3 produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells by recombinant DNA technology.
³ adjuvanted with AS01_E containing: plant extract Quillaja saponaria Molina, fraction 21 (QS-21) 25 micrograms; 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) from Salmonella minnesota 25 micrograms.
Excipients/Inactive Ingredients: Powder (RSVPreF3 antigen): Trehalose dihydrate, Polysorbate 80 (E 433), Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (E 340), Dipotassium phosphate (E 340).
Suspension (AS01_E Adjuvant System): Dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (E 322), Cholesterol, Sodium chloride, Anhydrous disodium phosphate (E 339), Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (E 340), Water for injections.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Vaccines, other viral vaccines. ATC code: J07BX05.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of action: By combining the RSV-specific antigen, F-protein in prefusion conformation, with an adjuvant system (AS01_E), Arexvy is designed to enhance antigen-specific cellular immune response and neutralizing antibodies response in individuals with pre-existing immunity against RSV. The adjuvant AS01_E facilitates the recruitment and activation of antigen presenting cells carrying vaccine-derived antigens in the draining lymph node, which in turn leads to the generation of RSVPreF3-specific CD4+ T cells.
Efficacy: Efficacy against RSV-associated LRTD in adults 60 years and older was evaluated in an ongoing, Phase III, randomised, placebo-controlled, observer-blind clinical study conducted in 17 countries from Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Participants are planned to be followed for up to 36 months.
The primary population for efficacy analysis (referred to as the modified Exposed Set, defined as adults 60 years of age and older who received 1 dose of Arexvy or placebo and who did not report an RSV-confirmed acute respiratory illness (ARI) prior to Day 15 after vaccination) included 24,960 participants randomised equally to receive 1 dose of Arexvy (N = 12,466) or placebo (N = 12,494). At the time of the first confirmatory efficacy analysis, participants had been followed for the development of RSV-associated LRTD for a median of 6.7 months.
The median age of participants was 69 years (range: 59 to 102 years), with approximately 74% over 65 years of age, approximately 44% over 70 years of age and approximately 8% over 80 years of age. Approximately 52% were female. At baseline, 39.3% of participants had at least one comorbidity of interest; 19.7% of participants had an underlying cardiorespiratory condition (COPD, asthma, any chronic respiratory/pulmonary disease, or chronic heart failure) and 25.8% of participants had endocrinometabolic conditions (diabetes, advanced liver or renal disease).
Efficacy against RSV-associated LRTD during the first RSV season (confirmatory analysis): The primary objective was to demonstrate efficacy in the prevention of a first episode of confirmed RSV-A and/or B associated LRTD during the first RSV season. Confirmed RSV cases were determined by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swab. LRTD was defined based on the following criteria: the participant must have experienced at least 2 lower respiratory symptoms/signs including at least 1 lower respiratory sign for at least 24 hours, or experienced at least 3 lower respiratory symptoms for at least 24 hours. Lower respiratory symptoms included: new or increased sputum, new or increased cough, new or increased dyspnoea (shortness of breath). Lower respiratory signs included: new or increased wheezing, crackles/ronchi, respiratory rate ≥ 20 respirations/min, low or decreased oxygen saturation (O₂ saturation < 95% or ≤ 90% if baseline is < 95%) or need for oxygen supplementation.
Vaccine efficacy overall and by subgroups is presented in Table 1. (See Table 1.)
Efficacy in preventing first RSV-associated LRTD with an onset from 15 days after vaccination compared to placebo was 82.6% (96.95% confidence interval of 57.9% to 94.1%) in participants 60 years of age and older. Vaccine efficacy against RSV-LRTD was observed through the median follow-up period of 6.7 months. Vaccine efficacy against RSV A-associated LRTD cases and RSV B-associated LRTD cases was 84.6% (95% CI [32.1, 98.3]) and 80.9% (95% CI [49.4, 94.3]), respectively.

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Vaccine efficacy in the subgroup of participants 80 years of age and older (1,016 participants in Arexvy vs 1,028 participants in placebo) cannot be concluded due to the low number of total cases accrued (5 cases).
Amongst 18 RSV-LRTD cases with at least 2 lower respiratory signs or preventing everyday activities, 4 cases of severe RSV-LRTD requiring oxygen supplementation occurred in the placebo group compared to none in the Arexvy group.
Efficacy against RSV-associated LRTD over 2 RSV seasons: Over 2 RSV seasons (up to end of second season in Northern Hemisphere), with a median follow-up time of 17.8 months, vaccine efficacy against RSV-associated LRTD was 67.2% (97.5% CI [48.2, 80.0]) in participants 60 years of age and older (30 cases in the Arexvy group and 139 cases in the placebo group).
Vaccine efficacy against RSV-associated LRTD was similar in the subgroup of participants with at least one comorbidity of interest.
A second dose of vaccine administered 12 months after the first dose did not confer additional efficacy benefit.
Immunogenicity in adults 50 through 59 years of age at increased risk for RSV disease: The non-inferiority of the immune response to Arexvy in adults 50 through 59 years of age compared to adults 60 years of age and older, where vaccine efficacy against RSV-associated LRTD was demonstrated, was evaluated in a Phase III, observer-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study.
Cohort 1 consisted of participants 50 through 59 years of age separated in 2 sub-cohorts (Adults-AIR and Adults-non-AIR) according to their medical history. Adults-AIR (adults at increased risk) sub-cohort consisted of participants with pre-defined, stable, chronic medical conditions leading to an increased risk for RSV disease (Arexvy, N = 386; placebo, N = 191) such as chronic pulmonary disease, chronic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney or liver disease. Adults-non-AIR sub-cohort consisted of participants without pre-defined, stable, chronic medical conditions (Arexvy, N = 383; placebo, N = 192). Cohort 2 (OA; older adults) consisted of participants 60 years of age and older (Arexvy, N = 381).
The primary immunogenicity objectives were to demonstrate non-inferiority of the humoral immune response (in terms of RSV-A and RSV-B neutralising titers) following the administration of Arexvy at 1-month post-vaccination in participants 50 through 59 years of age with and without pre-defined, stable, chronic medical conditions leading to an increased risk for RSV disease, compared to participants 60 years of age and older. (See Table 2.)

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The non-inferiority criteria of the immune responses for the RSV-A and RSV-B neutralising titers were met. The efficacy of Arexvy, in adults 50 through 59 years of age at increased risk for RSV disease, can be inferred following comparison of the immune response in adults 50 through 59 years of age with the immune response in adults 60 years of age and older in whom vaccine efficacy was demonstrated.
Pharmacokinetics: Not applicable.
Toxicology: Preclinical safety data: Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of repeated dose toxicity.
Reproductive and developmental studies in rabbits with Arexvy or with an unadjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine did not reveal vaccine-related effects on female fertility, pregnancy, or embryo-foetal or offspring development.

Arexvy is indicated for active immunisation for the prevention of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) caused by respiratory syncytial virus in: adults 60 years of age and older; adults 50 through 59 years of age who are at increased risk for RSV disease.
The use of this vaccine should be in accordance with official recommendations.

Posology: Arexvy is administered as a single dose of 0.5 mL.
The need for revaccination with a subsequent dose has not been established (see Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics under Actions).
Paediatric population: The safety and efficacy of Arexvy in children have not been established. No data are available.
Method of administration: For intramuscular injection only, preferably in the deltoid muscle.
For instructions on reconstitution of the medicinal product before administration, see Special precautions for disposal and other handling under Cautions for Usage.

No case of overdose has been reported in the clinical studies.

Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in Description.

Traceability: In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.
Prior to immunisation: Appropriate medical treatment and supervision should always be readily available in case of an anaphylactic event following the administration of the vaccine.
Vaccination should be postponed in individuals suffering from an acute severe febrile illness. The presence of a minor infection, such as a cold, should not result in the deferral of vaccination.
As with any vaccine, a protective immune response may not be elicited in all vaccinees.
Anxiety-related reactions, including vasovagal reactions (syncope), hyperventilation or stress‐related reactions may occur in association with the vaccination process itself. It is important that precautions are in place to avoid injury from fainting.
Precautions for use: Do not administer the vaccine intravascularly or intradermally. No data are available on subcutaneous administration of Arexvy.
As with other intramuscular injections, Arexvy should be given with caution to individuals with thrombocytopenia or any coagulation disorder since bleeding may occur following intramuscular administration to these individuals.
Systemic immunosuppressive medicinal products and immunodeficiency: Safety and immunogenicity data on Arexvy are not available for immunocompromised individuals. Patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment or patients with immunodeficiency may have a reduced immune response to Arexvy.
Excipients: This medicinal product contains potassium, less than 1 mmol (39 mg) per dose, i.e. essentially 'potassium-free'.
This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, that is to say essentially 'sodium-free'.
Effects on ability to drive and use machines: No studies on the effects of Arexvy on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed.
Arexvy has a minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Some of the effects mentioned under Adverse Reactions (e.g. fatigue) may temporarily affect the ability to drive or use machines.

Pregnancy: There are no data from the use of Arexvy in pregnant women. After administration of an investigational unadjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine to 3,557 pregnant women in a single clinical study, an increase in preterm births was observed compared to placebo. Currently no conclusion on a causal relationship between administration of unadjuvanted RSVPreF3 and preterm birth can be drawn. Results from animal studies with Arexvy or with an investigational unadjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to developmental and reproductive toxicity (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions). Arexvy is not recommended during pregnancy.
Breast-feeding: There are no data on the excretion of Arexvy in human or animal milk. Arexvy is not recommended in breast-feeding/lactating women.
Fertility: There are no data on the effects of Arexvy on human fertility. Animal studies with Arexvy or with an investigational unadjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions).

Summary of the safety profile: The safety profile presented as follows is based on a pooled analysis of data generated in two placebo-controlled Phase III clinical studies (conducted in Europe, North America, Asia and Southern hemisphere) in adults ≥ 60, and 50 through 59 years of age.
In study participants 60 years of age and older (more than 12 000 adults received one dose of Arexvy and more than 12 000 received placebo, with a follow-up period of approximately 12 months), the most commonly reported adverse reactions were injection site pain (61%), fatigue (34%), myalgia (29%), headache (28%), and arthralgia (18%). These adverse reactions were usually mild or moderate in intensity and resolved within a few days after vaccination.
Most other adverse reactions were uncommon and similarly reported between the study groups.
In study participants 50 through 59 years of age (769 participants, including 386 participants with pre-defined, stable, chronic medical conditions leading to an increased risk for RSV disease), a higher incidence of injection site pain (76%), fatigue (40%), myalgia (36%), headache (32%), and arthralgia (23%) was observed, compared with those 60 years of age and older (381 participants) in the same study. However, the duration and severity of these events were comparable across age groups in the study.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions: Adverse reactions are listed as follows by MedDRA system organ class and frequency: Very common (≥ 1/10); Common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); Uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100); Rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000); Very rare (< 1/10,000). (See Table 3.)

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Reporting of suspected adverse reactions: Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product.

Use with other vaccines: Arexvy may be administered concomitantly with inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines (standard dose unadjuvanted, high dose unadjuvanted, or standard dose adjuvanted).
Upon concomitant administration of Arexvy with seasonal influenza vaccines, numerically lower RSV A and B neutralising titres and numerically lower influenza A and B haemagglutination inhibition titres were observed as compared to the separate administration. This was not observed consistently across studies. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.
If Arexvy is to be given at the same time as another injectable vaccine, the vaccines should always be administered at different injection sites.
Concomitant administration of Arexvy with other vaccines than those listed previously has not been studied.

Incompatibilities: In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.
Special precautions for disposal and other handling: The powder and the suspension must be reconstituted prior to administration.
The powder and suspension should be inspected visually for any foreign particulate matter and/or variation of appearance. If either is observed, do not reconstitute the vaccine.
How to prepare Arexvy: Arexvy must be reconstituted prior to administration.
1. Withdraw the entire contents of the vial containing the suspension into a syringe.
2. Add the entire contents of the syringe into the vial containing the powder.
3. Gently swirl until the powder is completely dissolved.
The reconstituted vaccine is an opalescent, colourless to pale brownish liquid.
The reconstituted vaccine should be inspected visually for any foreign particulate matter and/or variation of appearance. If either is observed, do not administer the vaccine.
Chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for 4 hours at 2°C - 8°C or at room temperature up to 25°C.
From a microbiological point of view, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and should not be longer than 4 hours.
Before administration: 1. Withdraw 0.5 mL of the reconstituted vaccine into the syringe.
2. Change the needle so that a new needle is being used.
Administer the vaccine intramuscularly.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

Shelf life: After reconstitution: Chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for 4 hours at 2°C - 8°C or at room temperature up to 25°C.
From a microbiological point of view, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and should not be longer than 4 hours.
Special precautions for storage: Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C).
Do not freeze.
Store in the original package in order to protect from light.

Vaccines, Antisera & Immunologicals

J07BX05 - respiratory syncytial virus vaccines ; Belongs to the class of other viral vaccines. Used for active immunization against respiratory syncytial virus.

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