Milrinone

Reductions in infusion rate may be necessary. Refer to individual product information for detailed recommendations.

Maintenance: Dilute the solution with NaCl 0.45% inj, NaCl 0.9% inj, or dextrose 5% inj to make a final concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. The loading dose may be given undiluted but may also be diluted to a volume of 10 or 20 mL (see dilution for Maintenance) to simplify the visualisation of the injection rate.

Incompatible with furosemide, bumetanide and Na bicarbonate IV solution.

Severe obstructive aortic or pulmonary valvular disease or hypertrophic subaortic stenosis in lieu of surgical relief of obstruction; severe hypovolaemia.

Patients with CV disease, electrolyte imbalance (e.g. hypokalaemia). Not recommended for use in patients with acute MI. Renal impairment. Pregnancy and lactation.

Significant: Ventricular arrhythmias (e.g. nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular ectopy, ventricular fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmias, supraventricular tachycardia), hypotension.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Thrombocytopenia, anaemia.
Cardiac disorders: Angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, torsades de pointes.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Injection site reaction.
Investigations: Abnormal LFT.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Hypokalaemia.
Nervous system disorders: Headache, tremors.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Bronchospasm.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash.
Potentially Fatal: Very rarely, anaphylactic shock.

IV/Parenteral: C

Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, ECG, electrolyte level (e.g. K, Mg) and fluid balance, renal function (e.g. serum creatinine), platelet count. Assess for signs of decreasing cardiac function (e.g. arrhythmia, hypotension).

Symptoms: Hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia. Management: General supportive treatment.

Adverse effects may be enhanced when given concomitantly with anagrelide. May increase the hypotensive effect of riociguat.

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Milrinone is a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilator activity but has minimal chronotropic activity. It acts on the cardiac and vascular muscles by selectively inhibiting the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase activity resulting in an increased intracellular concentration of cAMP which produces increased myocardial contractility and vascular muscle relaxation.
Onset: 5-15 minutes.
Pharmacokinetics:
Distribution: Volume of distribution: Approx 0.38-0.45 L/kg. Plasma protein binding: Approx 70%.
Excretion: Via urine (approx 83% as unchanged drug, 12% as 0-glucuronide metabolite). Elimination half-life: Approx 2.3-2.4 hours.

Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4197, Milrinone. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Milrinone. Accessed Oct. 26, 2020.

Store below 25°C. Protect from excessive heat.

Thuốc tim

C01CE02 - milrinone ; Belongs to the class of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Used in the treatment of hypotension.

Anon. Milrinone Lactate. AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 02/10/2020.

Anon. Milrinone. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 02/10/2020.

Baxter Healthcare Ltd. Milrinone-Baxter 1mg/mL, Concentrate for Injection data sheet 15 October 2019. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/. Accessed 02/10/2020.

Buckingham R (ed). Milrinone. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 02/10/2020.

Joint Formulary Committee. Milrinone. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 02/10/2020.

Milrinone Lactate in Dextrose-Milronone Lactate and Dextrose Monohydrate Injection (B. Braun Medical Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 02/10/2020.

Milrinone. Gold Standard Drug Database in ClinicalKey [online]. Elsevier Inc. https://www.clinicalkey.com/. Accessed 02/10/2020.